# libvips: an image processing library
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# Introduction
libvips is a [demand-driven, horizontally
threaded](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/wiki/Why-is-libvips-quick)
image processing library. Compared to similar
libraries, [libvips runs quickly and uses little
memory](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/wiki/Speed-and-memory-use).
libvips is licensed under the [LGPL-2.1-or-later](
https://spdx.org/licenses/LGPL-2.1-or-later).
It has around [300
operations](https://www.libvips.org/API/current/function-list.html)
covering arithmetic, histograms, convolution, morphological
operations, frequency filtering, colour, resampling,
statistics and others. It supports a large range of [numeric
types](https://www.libvips.org/API/current/enum.BandFormat.html),
from 8-bit int to 128-bit complex. Images can have any number of bands.
It supports a good range of image formats, including JPEG, JPEG 2000, JPEG XL,
TIFF, PNG, WebP, HEIC, AVIF, FITS, Matlab, OpenEXR, PDF, SVG, HDR, PPM / PGM /
PFM, CSV, GIF, Analyze, NIfTI, DeepZoom, and OpenSlide. It can also load
images via ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick, letting it work with formats
like DICOM.
It comes with bindings for
[C](https://www.libvips.org/API/current/using-from-c.html),
[C++](https://www.libvips.org/API/current/using-from-cplusplus.html),
and the
[command-line](https://www.libvips.org/API/current/using-the-cli.html).
Full bindings are available for:
| Language | Binding |
|---|---|
| Ruby | [ruby-vips](https://rubygems.org/gems/ruby-vips) |
| Python | [pyvips](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyvips) |
| PHP | [php-vips](https://github.com/libvips/php-vips) |
| C# / .NET | [NetVips](https://www.nuget.org/packages/NetVips) |
| Go | [vips-gen](https://github.com/cshum/vipsgen) |
| Lua | [lua-vips](https://github.com/libvips/lua-vips) |
| Crystal | [crystal-vips](https://github.com/naqvis/crystal-vips) |
| Elixir | [vix](https://github.com/akash-akya/vix) |
| Java | [vips-ffm](https://github.com/lopcode/vips-ffm) |
| Nim | [libvips-nim](https://github.com/openpeeps/libvips-nim) |
libvips is used as an image processing engine by:
| |
|---|
| [Mastodon](https://github.com/mastodon/mastodon) |
| [sharp (on Node.js)](https://www.npmjs.org/package/sharp) |
| [imgproxy](https://github.com/imgproxy/imgproxy) |
| [wsrv.nl](https://github.com/weserv/images) |
| [bimg](https://github.com/h2non/bimg) |
| [Ruby on Rails](https://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org/active_storage_overview.html) |
| [CarrierWave](https://github.com/carrierwaveuploader/carrierwave#using-vips) |
| [MediaWiki](https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Thumbro) |
and others. The official libvips GUI is
[nip2](https://github.com/libvips/nip2), a strange combination of a
spreadsheet and a photo editor.
# Install
There are packages for most Unix-like operating systems, including
macOS. Check your package manager.
There are binaries for Windows in
[releases](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/releases).
The [libvips website](https://www.libvips.org) has [detailed
install notes](https://www.libvips.org/install.html).
# Building from source
libvips uses the [Meson build system](https://mesonbuild.com), version 0.56
or later. Meson can use [`ninja`](https://ninja-build.org), Visual Studio or
XCode as a backend, so you'll also need one of them.
libvips must have `build-essential`, `pkg-config`, `libglib2.0-dev`,
`libexpat1-dev`. See the **Dependencies** section below for a full list
of the libvips optional dependencies.
There are basic bash completions in `completions/`, see the README in there.
## Cheatsheet
```
cd libvips-x.y.x
meson setup build --prefix /my/install/prefix
cd build
meson compile
meson test
meson install
```
Check the output of `meson setup` carefully and make sure it found everything
you wanted it to find. Add arguments to `meson setup` to change the build
configuration.
- Add flags like `-Dnsgif=false` to turn libvips options on and off, see
`meson_options.txt` for a list of all the build options libvips supports.
- Add flags like `-Dmagick=disabled` to turn libvips dependencies on and off,
see `meson_options.txt` and the list below for a summary of all the libvips
dependencies.
- You might need to add `--libdir lib` on Debian if you don't want the arch
name in the library path.
- Add `--default-library static` for a static build.
- Use e.g. `CC=clang CXX=clang++ meson setup ...` to change compiler.
- You can have an alternative build directory, pick whatever names you like,
for example one for release and one for debug.
There's a more comprehensive test suite you can run once libvips has been
installed. Use `pytest` in the libvips base directory.
## Optional dependencies
If suitable versions are found, libvips will add support for the following
libraries automatically. Packages are generally found with `pkg-config`,
so make sure that is working.
### libjpeg
Anything that is compatible with the IJG JPEG library. Use `mozjpeg` if you
can. Another option is `libjpeg-turbo`.
### libultrahdr (libuhdr)
If present, libvips will load UltraHDR images with Google's libultrahdr
library. The `pkg-config` name is libuhdr.
### libexif
If available, libvips adds support for EXIF metadata in JPEG files.
### librsvg
The usual SVG loader. If this is not present, vips will try to load SVGs
via imagemagick instead.
### libraw
The usual camera RAW loader. If this is not present, vips will try to load raw
camera images via imagemagick instead.
### PDFium
If present, libvips will attempt to load PDFs with PDFium. Download the
prebuilt pdfium binary from:
https://github.com/bblanchon/pdfium-binaries/releases/latest
Untar to the libvips install prefix, for example:
```
cd ~/vips
tar xf ~/pdfium-linux.tgz
```
Create a `pdfium.pc` like this (update the version number):
```
VIPSHOME=$HOME/vips
mkdir -p $VIPSHOME/lib/pkgconfig
cat > $VIPSHOME/lib/pkgconfig/pdfium.pc << EOF
prefix=$VIPSHOME
exec_prefix=\${prefix}
libdir=\${exec_prefix}/lib
includedir=\${prefix}/include
Name: pdfium
Description: PDFium
Version: 4290
Libs: -L\${libdir} -lpdfium
Cflags: -I\${includedir}
EOF
```
If PDFium is not detected, libvips will look for `poppler-glib` instead.
### poppler-glib
The Poppler PDF renderer, with a glib API. If this is not present, vips
will try to load PDFs via imagemagick.
### cgif
If available, libvips will save GIFs with
[cgif](https://github.com/dloebl/cgif). If this is not present, vips will
try to save gifs via imagemagick instead.
### libarchive
If available, libvips adds support for creating image pyramids with `dzsave`.
### libtiff
The TIFF library. It needs to be built with support for JPEG and
ZIP compression. 3.4b037 and later are known to be OK.
### fftw3
If libvips finds this library, it uses it for fourier transforms.
### lcms2
If present, `vips_icc_import()`, `vips_icc_export()` and `vips_icc_transform()`
can be used to manipulate images with ICC profiles.
### libpng
If present, libvips will load and save PNG files using libpng. If not, it
will look for the spng package.
### libimagequant, quantizr
If one of these quantisation packages is present, libvips can write 8-bit
palette-ised PNGs and GIFs.
### ImageMagick, or optionally GraphicsMagick
If available, libvips adds support for loading and saving all
libMagick-supported image file types. You can enable and disable load and save
separately.
Imagemagick 6.9+ needs to have been built with `--with-modules`. Most packaged
IMs are, I think.
If you are going to be using libvips with untrusted images, perhaps in a
web server, for example, you should consider the security implications of
enabling a package with such a large attack surface.
### pangocairo
If available, libvips adds support for text rendering. You need the
package pangocairo in `pkg-config --list-all`.
### highway
If present, libvips will accelerate some operations with SIMD. If not, it
will look for the orc-0.4 package.
### matio
If available, vips can load images from Matlab save files.
### cfitsio
If available, vips can load FITS images.
### libwebp
If available, vips can load and save WebP images.
### libniftiio
If available, vips can load and save NIfTI images.
### OpenEXR
If available, libvips will directly read (but not write, sadly)
OpenEXR images.
### OpenJPEG
If available, libvips will read and write JPEG2000 images.
### libjxl
If available, libvips will read and write JPEG-XL images.
### OpenSlide
If available, libvips can load OpenSlide-supported virtual slide
files: Aperio, Hamamatsu, Leica, MIRAX, Sakura, Trestle, and Ventana.
### libheif
If available, libvips can load and save HEIC and AVIF images. Your libheif (in
turn) needs to be built with the correct decoders and encoders. You can check
with eg.:
```console
$ heif-convert --list-decoders
HEIC decoders:
- libde265 = libde265 HEVC decoder, version 1.0.9
AVIF decoders:
- dav1d = dav1d v6.6.0
- aom = AOMedia Project AV1 Decoder v3.5.0
$ heif-enc --list-encoders
HEIC encoders:
- x265 = x265 HEVC encoder (3.5+1-f0c1022b6) [default]
AVIF encoders:
- aom = AOMedia Project AV1 Encoder v3.5.0 [default]
- svt = SVT-AV1 encoder v1.1.0
- rav1e = Rav1e encoder
```
# Contributors
### Code Contributors
This project exists thanks to all the people who contribute.
<a href="https://github.com/libvips/libvips/graphs/contributors"><img src="https://opencollective.com/libvips/contributors.svg?width=890&button=false" /></a>
### Organizations
We've had generous financial support from our sponsors. Thank you very much!
<img src="https://opencollective.com/libvips/sponsors.svg?width=890&button=false" />
|