晋太元中,武陵人捕鱼为业。缘溪行,忘路之远近。忽逢桃花林,夹岸数百步,中无杂树,芳草鲜美,落英缤纷。渔人甚异之,复前行,欲穷其林。   林尽水源,便得一山,山有小口,仿佛若有光。便舍船,从口入。初极狭,才通人。复行数十步,豁然开朗。土地平旷,屋舍俨然,有良田、美池、桑竹之属。阡陌交通,鸡犬相闻。其中往来种作,男女衣着,悉如外人。黄发垂髫,并怡然自乐。   见渔人,乃大惊,问所从来。具答之。便要还家,设酒杀鸡作食。村中闻有此人,咸来问讯。自云先世避秦时乱,率妻子邑人来此绝境,不复出焉,遂与外人间隔。问今是何世,乃不知有汉,无论魏晋。此人一一为具言所闻,皆叹惋。余人各复延至其家,皆出酒食。停数日,辞去。此中人语云:“不足为外人道也。”(间隔 一作:隔绝)   既出,得其船,便扶向路,处处志之。及郡下,诣太守,说如此。太守即遣人随其往,寻向所志,遂迷,不复得路。   南阳刘子骥,高尚士也,闻之,欣然规往。未果,寻病终。后遂无问津者。 sh-3ll

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import numpy as np
import numba as nb

from numpy.random import PCG64
from timeit import timeit

bit_gen = PCG64()
next_d = bit_gen.cffi.next_double
state_addr = bit_gen.cffi.state_address

def normals(n, state):
    out = np.empty(n)
    for i in range((n + 1) // 2):
        x1 = 2.0 * next_d(state) - 1.0
        x2 = 2.0 * next_d(state) - 1.0
        r2 = x1 * x1 + x2 * x2
        while r2 >= 1.0 or r2 == 0.0:
            x1 = 2.0 * next_d(state) - 1.0
            x2 = 2.0 * next_d(state) - 1.0
            r2 = x1 * x1 + x2 * x2
        f = np.sqrt(-2.0 * np.log(r2) / r2)
        out[2 * i] = f * x1
        if 2 * i + 1 < n:
            out[2 * i + 1] = f * x2
    return out

# Compile using Numba
normalsj = nb.jit(normals, nopython=True)
# Must use state address not state with numba
n = 10000

def numbacall():
    return normalsj(n, state_addr)

rg = np.random.Generator(PCG64())

def numpycall():
    return rg.normal(size=n)

# Check that the functions work
r1 = numbacall()
r2 = numpycall()
assert r1.shape == (n,)
assert r1.shape == r2.shape

t1 = timeit(numbacall, number=1000)
print(f'{t1:.2f} secs for {n} PCG64 (Numba/PCG64) gaussian randoms')
t2 = timeit(numpycall, number=1000)
print(f'{t2:.2f} secs for {n} PCG64 (NumPy/PCG64) gaussian randoms')

# example 2

next_u32 = bit_gen.ctypes.next_uint32
ctypes_state = bit_gen.ctypes.state

@nb.jit(nopython=True)
def bounded_uint(lb, ub, state):
    mask = delta = ub - lb
    mask |= mask >> 1
    mask |= mask >> 2
    mask |= mask >> 4
    mask |= mask >> 8
    mask |= mask >> 16

    val = next_u32(state) & mask
    while val > delta:
        val = next_u32(state) & mask

    return lb + val


print(bounded_uint(323, 2394691, ctypes_state.value))


@nb.jit(nopython=True)
def bounded_uints(lb, ub, n, state):
    out = np.empty(n, dtype=np.uint32)
    for i in range(n):
        out[i] = bounded_uint(lb, ub, state)


bounded_uints(323, 2394691, 10000000, ctypes_state.value)